Self-testing is a process in which an individual collects their specimen using a simple rapid diagnostic test, performs the test, and interprets their result, when and where they want.

Self-testing increases access to and uptake of testing, prevention, and treatment services. Self-testing can also increase patient autonomy, help decentralize services, and alleviate the burden of testing at facilities. Most people are willing and able to self-test.

Self-testing has been shown to be safe, accurate, acceptable, and feasible, among diverse populations (particularly key populations) and across settings in various regions.

Reactive self-test results require follow-up and further testing. HIVST and HCVST do not provide a diagnosis but require further testing by a trained provider using the national testing algorithm to confirm HIV or HCV infection and link individuals to care. A reactive SST result can be used to link to immediate treatment among pregnant women and those with no report of previous syphilis infection, however further testing is still needed to confirm an active infection in need of treatment.

Self-care approaches recognize the central and active role that people play in managing their own health care and is increasingly becoming important as an additional strategy in expanding access to and utilization of health services, across various disease areas and conditions.