Self-testing and distribution models
Self-tests can be distributed through various channels. A range of service delivery and distribution models are effective in increasing the uptake of testing for HIV, HCV and syphilis and reaching people with the disease who are undiagnosed or those at ongoing risk.
Self-tests could be distributed through pharmacies, vending machines, pick-up from a local store, distribution by peers, community-based distribution, online ordering, mail delivery and facility-based distribution. Self-testing can enable greater flexibility for clients and health services, particularly as part of simplified implementation of PrEP and PEP services
Models assessed in RCTs and found effective:
/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes-(hhs)/community-icon.png?sfvrsn=b1065c94_3){kind=icon} | Community-based Distribution during campaigns, at events, mobile outreach or home-based (door-to-door) distribution. Integration with existing community-based testing programmes can improve efficneicy and optimize resources. Community-led models are likely to be successful. |
/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes-(hhs)/facility-icon.png?sfvrsn=48e84e7e_3){kind=icon} | Facility-based Distribution from facilities or other fixed sites for use later or within the facilities. Kits can be given to HIV-positive or HIV-negative clients for secondary distribution. |
/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes-(hhs)/online-icon.png?sfvrsn=321aaf4d_3){kind=icon} | Order online and receive via mail A range of online platforms such as websites, social media, dating apps, and other digital media can be used. HIVST kits can be provided for free, at a cost or with coupons /vouchers for reduced cost. |
/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes-(hhs)/secondary-distribution-icon.png?sfvrsn=e6d8ba91_3){kind=icon} | Secondary distribution Includes secondary distribution to partners or peers including distribuiton by HIV-negtive and HIV-positive clients. Index clients can be given HIVST kits by providers at facilities. |
Models not assessed in RCTs but can be considered:
/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes-(hhs)/retail-icon.png?sfvrsn=f8fa4d29_3){kind=icon} | Retail outlets, pharmacies and vending machines Kits are typically provided at a cost to users but price can be reduced through public-private partnerships and distribution of coupons or vouchers. |
/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes-(hhs)/faith-based-icon.png?sfvrsn=3e3c28bd_3){kind=icon} | Faith-based settings Distribution from faith-based settings such as churches and mosques. |
/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes-(hhs)/workplace-icon.png?sfvrsn=a0e6a465_3){kind=icon} | Workplace Distribution to workers for testing themselves and / or for their partners. Consider sustainable models such as through public-private partnership and /or insurance packages to cover the cost. |
Resources
Standard operating procedures from UNITAID/PSI HIV Self-testing Africa (STAR) Project: