Simulation exercise for influenza A(H5N1) response on access, allocation, and deployment of medical countermeasures: meeting report, Geneva, Switzerland, 4–5 September 2025, Geneva.

Overview

This document presents findings from a WHO-convened simulation exercise exploring how medical countermeasures—including vaccines, antivirals, and diagnostics—could be accessed and allocated during a potential influenza A(H5N1) pandemic. Through a phased scenario, the exercise examined operational assumptions, coordination arrangements, and allocation considerations across WHO, Member States, international partners, and the private sector. Discussions highlighted the interdependence of surveillance, regulatory pathways, manufacturing and supply chains, financing, and country readiness in shaping what is feasible at different stages of an outbreak. Particular attention was given to the diagnostic landscape, information flows, and the need for timely, transparent data to support prioritization. The insights generated will inform ongoing refinement of the WHO Global Allocation Framework for pandemic influenza medical countermeasures, with the aim of strengthening coordination and advancing more timely, equitable, and effective access in future pandemics.